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The Role of Korean Public Diplomacy: A New Search for Peace on the Korean Peninsula
2023 24thworld Korea Forum & Natonal University of Laos
Buyoung Lee, Hon. President, Foundation for Free Press
It is of great significance that the 24th World Korea Forum is held in Vientiane, Laos in 2023. We are grateful for the invitation from the National University of Laos and the Laos Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
At a time of turbulence in international politics and world trade, it will provide a chance of debate and inspiration for opinion leaders from 22 countries in Asia, Europe, and America to gather in Laos, the geopolitical center of Southeast Asia, to seek peace in East Asia.
Since 1990, when the post-Cold War era began, South Korea has rapidly transformed itself from a developing country into an advanced country amid steady progress in democratization and industrialization despite the challenging North Korean nuclear crisis. Korea's rise to a G10 status according to the Western notation was thanks to China's reformist and open market policy, developments of ASEAN countries, and the stable prosperity of the United States and the West.
Between 1988 and 2020, during the power-transfering periods of three democratic regimes that emerged in the post-Cold War era, summit talks were held between the two Koreas and exchanges and cooperation progressed. Accordingly conditions for peaceful coexistence were prevailing. Let¡¯s imagine that people of the two Koreas came to visit each other, after a long long partition of 50 years forced upon them with the national liberation from Japan in 1945.
The atmosphere of peaceful coexistence in Northeast Asia, especially on the Korean Peninsula, did not last long. As the United States and Japan, feeling threatened by China's rapid growth, materialized their common Indo-Pacific security strategy, the fierce geopolitical confrontation between the United States and China began to stand out. The United States broke the WTO system (free trade order) it had created and returned to the era of protectionism. The US security strategy, which assumes China as an antagonist, was embodied by Japan's ideological and financial support. The US-Japan security alliance is begining to develop into a trilateral military alliance including Repubic of Korea.
This trilateral military alliance begins to turn Republic of Korea, which has been the biggest beneficiary of free trade in the post-Cold War era, into the worst victim. South Korea's trade with China has met shocking experiences because of the recent US foreign policy simply pursuing democratic friends against dictatorship. China has already emerged as the largest trading partner to Korea in the post-Cold War era. At the same time it began to play an important role to keep peace in the Northeast Asia. The Yoon Seok-yeol administration emerged as the most friendly regime to the United States and Japan, while it is being publicly refuted by China and Russia. This development is reflected in Korea's trade statistics. The total amount of trade with China was much higher than the total combinaton of trade with the US and Japan, but recently trade with China has shown a sharp decline and dangerous signal.
Anxiety and criticism have been raised in Korea about the rapid changes that have occurred over the past year since the Yoon Seok-yeol administration came to power. These are emerging as a retreat in democracy, an economic downturn following the blow of Corona 19, and a war crisis due to escalating tensions in the Peninsula. In particular, with North Korea's theatening progress in nuclear and missile development, US sanctions and aggressive confrontation are intensifying.
In the process of promoting the US-Japan-ROK trilateral military alliance, the United States supported the position of the Japanese LDP government, which refused to apologize or compensate for past colonial rule, and pressured the Yoon Seok-yeol regime in Korea to adopt a pro-Japanese posture. It's causing resistance. South Koreans oppose North Korea, which promotes a nuclear-missile crisis, but they also oppose the Yoon Seok-yeol regime, which is trying to bring a nuclear war crisis to the Korean Peninsula with foreign forces such as the US and Japan.
In the last 300 years of colonialism and imperialism, it seems evident that fundamental changes are taking place. The war in Ukraine appears to be fueling the trend.
First, the US dollar, which has played a key role in world trade and finance, is gradually losing its position. Several countries, including China, Russia, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia, have taken steps to accept payments in their own currencies or the Chinese renminbi. The trend toward de-dollarization of international trade is underway.
Second, BRICS countries such as China, India, Russia, Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and South Africa, which account for 40% of the world's population, generate 31.5% of world economic output, while the G7 countries of the United States, the West and Japan account for 30.7%. are already being overtaken. The bank supporting the Global South, NDB (New Development Bank), is helping developing countries grow in a different way from the World Bank and IMF in the United States and the West.
Third, within the European Union and NATO, France and Germany are emphasizing Europe's independence(derisking) rather than being an American-only alliance. Europe is challenging the US decoupling to cut ties with China.
Fourth, in Latin America and the Middle East, independent trends are forming against the politics of the United States hegemony. The Pink Tide of Latin America, centered on Brazil, and the trend of solidarity among Islamic countries through reconciliation between Iran and Saudi Arabia are taking hold.
Republic of Korea is a country in the southern part of the divided Korean Peninsula. It is surrounded by great powers such as the United States, Japan, China, and Russia. Although efforts have been made to establish a system of exchange, cooperation and peaceful coexistence between the two Koreas, the achievements of democratization, industrialization, and K-culture projects that have been attained over the past 40 years have recently met serious obstructions. These efforts are on the verge of being again swept away by the competing hegemony between the United States and China. The escalating tension in Northeast Asia following North Korea's nuclear armament shows the aspect of developing into the confrontation between the maritime US-Japan-ROK alliance and the continental alliance of China, Russia and North Korea. The Yoon Seok-Yeol regime is focusing on the Indo-Pacific strategy of the US and Japan rather than independently seeking peace on the Korean Peninsula. Intellectuals and the civil society in Korea are gravely concerned. Apart from the political surroundings, discussions are underway to seek changes in politics, trade and cultural exchanges that are biased toward the United States, Japan, and China. Experts suggest that it is time for Korea to shake hands wth ASEAN countries and the BRICS group through the public diplomacy of the civil society. Korea, a newly advanced nation that jumped up just from the developing country, are prepared to share them with knowhows of the nation-building for democracy, industrial- ization and cultural shock-absorption. Especially over the last 40 years, Korea has accumulated upper-middle class technologies and technicians that are the most necessary elements to developing countries.
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